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1 <?php
2 /**
3 * @version $Id$
4 * @package utf8
5 * @subpackage strings
6 */
7 
8 /**
9 * Define UTF8_CORE as required
10 */
11 if ( !defined('UTF8_CORE') ) {
12  define('UTF8_CORE',TRUE);
13 }
14 
15 //--------------------------------------------------------------------
16 /**
17 * Unicode aware replacement for strlen(). Returns the number
18 * of characters in the string (not the number of bytes), replacing
19 * multibyte characters with a single byte equivalent
20 * utf8_decode() converts characters that are not in ISO-8859-1
21 * to '?', which, for the purpose of counting, is alright - It's
22 * much faster than iconv_strlen
23 * Note: this function does not count bad UTF-8 bytes in the string
24 * - these are simply ignored
25 * @author <chernyshevsky at hotmail dot com>
26 * @link http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.strlen.php
27 * @link http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.utf8-decode.php
28 * @param string UTF-8 string
29 * @return int number of UTF-8 characters in string
30 * @package utf8
31 * @subpackage strings
32 */
33 function utf8_strlen($str){
34  return strlen(utf8_decode($str));
35 }
36 
37 
38 //--------------------------------------------------------------------
39 /**
40 * UTF-8 aware alternative to strpos
41 * Find position of first occurrence of a string
42 * Note: This will get alot slower if offset is used
43 * Note: requires utf8_strlen amd utf8_substr to be loaded
44 * @param string haystack
45 * @param string needle (you should validate this with utf8_is_valid)
46 * @param integer offset in characters (from left)
47 * @return mixed integer position or FALSE on failure
48 * @see http://www.php.net/strpos
49 * @see utf8_strlen
50 * @see utf8_substr
51 * @package utf8
52 * @subpackage strings
53 */
54 function utf8_strpos($str, $needle, $offset = NULL) {
55 
56  if ( is_null($offset) ) {
57 
58  $ar = explode($needle, $str, 2);
59  if ( count($ar) > 1 ) {
60  return utf8_strlen($ar[0]);
61  }
62  return FALSE;
63 
64  } else {
65 
66  if ( !is_int($offset) ) {
67  trigger_error('utf8_strpos: Offset must be an integer',E_USER_ERROR);
68  return FALSE;
69  }
70 
71  $str = utf8_substr($str, $offset);
72 
73  if ( FALSE !== ( $pos = utf8_strpos($str, $needle) ) ) {
74  return $pos + $offset;
75  }
76 
77  return FALSE;
78  }
79 
80 }
81 
82 //--------------------------------------------------------------------
83 /**
84 * UTF-8 aware alternative to strrpos
85 * Find position of last occurrence of a char in a string
86 * Note: This will get alot slower if offset is used
87 * Note: requires utf8_substr and utf8_strlen to be loaded
88 * @param string haystack
89 * @param string needle (you should validate this with utf8_is_valid)
90 * @param integer (optional) offset (from left)
91 * @return mixed integer position or FALSE on failure
92 * @see http://www.php.net/strrpos
93 * @see utf8_substr
94 * @see utf8_strlen
95 * @package utf8
96 * @subpackage strings
97 */
98 function utf8_strrpos($str, $needle, $offset = NULL) {
99 
100  if ( is_null($offset) ) {
101 
102  $ar = explode($needle, $str);
103 
104  if ( count($ar) > 1 ) {
105  // Pop off the end of the string where the last match was made
106  array_pop($ar);
107  $str = join($needle,$ar);
108  return utf8_strlen($str);
109  }
110  return FALSE;
111 
112  } else {
113 
114  if ( !is_int($offset) ) {
115  trigger_error('utf8_strrpos expects parameter 3 to be long',E_USER_WARNING);
116  return FALSE;
117  }
118 
119  $str = utf8_substr($str, $offset);
120 
121  if ( FALSE !== ( $pos = utf8_strrpos($str, $needle) ) ) {
122  return $pos + $offset;
123  }
124 
125  return FALSE;
126  }
127 
128 }
129 
130 //--------------------------------------------------------------------
131 /**
132 * UTF-8 aware alternative to substr
133 * Return part of a string given character offset (and optionally length)
134 *
135 * Note arguments: comparied to substr - if offset or length are
136 * not integers, this version will not complain but rather massages them
137 * into an integer.
138 *
139 * Note on returned values: substr documentation states false can be
140 * returned in some cases (e.g. offset > string length)
141 * mb_substr never returns false, it will return an empty string instead.
142 * This adopts the mb_substr approach
143 *
144 * Note on implementation: PCRE only supports repetitions of less than
145 * 65536, in order to accept up to MAXINT values for offset and length,
146 * we'll repeat a group of 65535 characters when needed.
147 *
148 * Note on implementation: calculating the number of characters in the
149 * string is a relatively expensive operation, so we only carry it out when
150 * necessary. It isn't necessary for +ve offsets and no specified length
151 *
152 * @author Chris Smith<chris@jalakai.co.uk>
153 * @param string
154 * @param integer number of UTF-8 characters offset (from left)
155 * @param integer (optional) length in UTF-8 characters from offset
156 * @return mixed string or FALSE if failure
157 * @package utf8
158 * @subpackage strings
159 */
160 function utf8_substr($str, $offset, $length = NULL) {
161 
162  // generates E_NOTICE
163  // for PHP4 objects, but not PHP5 objects
164  $str = (string)$str;
165  $offset = (int)$offset;
166  if (!is_null($length)) $length = (int)$length;
167 
168  // handle trivial cases
169  if ($length === 0) return '';
170  if ($offset < 0 && $length < 0 && $length < $offset)
171  return '';
172 
173  // normalise negative offsets (we could use a tail
174  // anchored pattern, but they are horribly slow!)
175  if ($offset < 0) {
176 
177  // see notes
178  $strlen = strlen(utf8_decode($str));
179  $offset = $strlen + $offset;
180  if ($offset < 0) $offset = 0;
181 
182  }
183 
184  $Op = '';
185  $Lp = '';
186 
187  // establish a pattern for offset, a
188  // non-captured group equal in length to offset
189  if ($offset > 0) {
190 
191  $Ox = (int)($offset/65535);
192  $Oy = $offset%65535;
193 
194  if ($Ox) {
195  $Op = '(?:.{65535}){'.$Ox.'}';
196  }
197 
198  $Op = '^(?:'.$Op.'.{'.$Oy.'})';
199 
200  } else {
201 
202  // offset == 0; just anchor the pattern
203  $Op = '^';
204 
205  }
206 
207  // establish a pattern for length
208  if (is_null($length)) {
209 
210  // the rest of the string
211  $Lp = '(.*)$';
212 
213  } else {
214 
215  if (!isset($strlen)) {
216  // see notes
217  $strlen = strlen(utf8_decode($str));
218  }
219 
220  // another trivial case
221  if ($offset > $strlen) return '';
222 
223  if ($length > 0) {
224 
225  // reduce any length that would
226  // go passed the end of the string
227  $length = min($strlen-$offset, $length);
228 
229  $Lx = (int)( $length / 65535 );
230  $Ly = $length % 65535;
231 
232  // negative length requires a captured group
233  // of length characters
234  if ($Lx) $Lp = '(?:.{65535}){'.$Lx.'}';
235  $Lp = '('.$Lp.'.{'.$Ly.'})';
236 
237  } else if ($length < 0) {
238 
239  if ( $length < ($offset - $strlen) ) {
240  return '';
241  }
242 
243  $Lx = (int)((-$length)/65535);
244  $Ly = (-$length)%65535;
245 
246  // negative length requires ... capture everything
247  // except a group of -length characters
248  // anchored at the tail-end of the string
249  if ($Lx) $Lp = '(?:.{65535}){'.$Lx.'}';
250  $Lp = '(.*)(?:'.$Lp.'.{'.$Ly.'})$';
251 
252  }
253 
254  }
255 
256  if (!preg_match( '#'.$Op.$Lp.'#us',$str, $match )) {
257  return '';
258  }
259 
260  return $match[1];
261 
262 }
263 
264 //---------------------------------------------------------------
265 /**
266 * UTF-8 aware alternative to strtolower
267 * Make a string lowercase
268 * Note: The concept of a characters "case" only exists is some alphabets
269 * such as Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Armenian and archaic Georgian - it does
270 * not exist in the Chinese alphabet, for example. See Unicode Standard
271 * Annex #21: Case Mappings
272 * Note: requires utf8_to_unicode and utf8_from_unicode
273 * @author Andreas Gohr <andi@splitbrain.org>
274 * @param string
275 * @return mixed either string in lowercase or FALSE is UTF-8 invalid
276 * @see http://www.php.net/strtolower
277 * @see utf8_to_unicode
278 * @see utf8_from_unicode
279 * @see http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr21/tr21-5.html
280 * @see http://dev.splitbrain.org/view/darcs/dokuwiki/inc/utf8.php
281 * @package utf8
282 * @subpackage strings
283 */
284 function utf8_strtolower($string){
285 
286  static $UTF8_UPPER_TO_LOWER = NULL;
287 
288  if ( is_null($UTF8_UPPER_TO_LOWER) ) {
289  $UTF8_UPPER_TO_LOWER = array(
290  0x0041=>0x0061, 0x03A6=>0x03C6, 0x0162=>0x0163, 0x00C5=>0x00E5, 0x0042=>0x0062,
291  0x0139=>0x013A, 0x00C1=>0x00E1, 0x0141=>0x0142, 0x038E=>0x03CD, 0x0100=>0x0101,
292  0x0490=>0x0491, 0x0394=>0x03B4, 0x015A=>0x015B, 0x0044=>0x0064, 0x0393=>0x03B3,
293  0x00D4=>0x00F4, 0x042A=>0x044A, 0x0419=>0x0439, 0x0112=>0x0113, 0x041C=>0x043C,
294  0x015E=>0x015F, 0x0143=>0x0144, 0x00CE=>0x00EE, 0x040E=>0x045E, 0x042F=>0x044F,
295  0x039A=>0x03BA, 0x0154=>0x0155, 0x0049=>0x0069, 0x0053=>0x0073, 0x1E1E=>0x1E1F,
296  0x0134=>0x0135, 0x0427=>0x0447, 0x03A0=>0x03C0, 0x0418=>0x0438, 0x00D3=>0x00F3,
297  0x0420=>0x0440, 0x0404=>0x0454, 0x0415=>0x0435, 0x0429=>0x0449, 0x014A=>0x014B,
298  0x0411=>0x0431, 0x0409=>0x0459, 0x1E02=>0x1E03, 0x00D6=>0x00F6, 0x00D9=>0x00F9,
299  0x004E=>0x006E, 0x0401=>0x0451, 0x03A4=>0x03C4, 0x0423=>0x0443, 0x015C=>0x015D,
300  0x0403=>0x0453, 0x03A8=>0x03C8, 0x0158=>0x0159, 0x0047=>0x0067, 0x00C4=>0x00E4,
301  0x0386=>0x03AC, 0x0389=>0x03AE, 0x0166=>0x0167, 0x039E=>0x03BE, 0x0164=>0x0165,
302  0x0116=>0x0117, 0x0108=>0x0109, 0x0056=>0x0076, 0x00DE=>0x00FE, 0x0156=>0x0157,
303  0x00DA=>0x00FA, 0x1E60=>0x1E61, 0x1E82=>0x1E83, 0x00C2=>0x00E2, 0x0118=>0x0119,
304  0x0145=>0x0146, 0x0050=>0x0070, 0x0150=>0x0151, 0x042E=>0x044E, 0x0128=>0x0129,
305  0x03A7=>0x03C7, 0x013D=>0x013E, 0x0422=>0x0442, 0x005A=>0x007A, 0x0428=>0x0448,
306  0x03A1=>0x03C1, 0x1E80=>0x1E81, 0x016C=>0x016D, 0x00D5=>0x00F5, 0x0055=>0x0075,
307  0x0176=>0x0177, 0x00DC=>0x00FC, 0x1E56=>0x1E57, 0x03A3=>0x03C3, 0x041A=>0x043A,
308  0x004D=>0x006D, 0x016A=>0x016B, 0x0170=>0x0171, 0x0424=>0x0444, 0x00CC=>0x00EC,
309  0x0168=>0x0169, 0x039F=>0x03BF, 0x004B=>0x006B, 0x00D2=>0x00F2, 0x00C0=>0x00E0,
310  0x0414=>0x0434, 0x03A9=>0x03C9, 0x1E6A=>0x1E6B, 0x00C3=>0x00E3, 0x042D=>0x044D,
311  0x0416=>0x0436, 0x01A0=>0x01A1, 0x010C=>0x010D, 0x011C=>0x011D, 0x00D0=>0x00F0,
312  0x013B=>0x013C, 0x040F=>0x045F, 0x040A=>0x045A, 0x00C8=>0x00E8, 0x03A5=>0x03C5,
313  0x0046=>0x0066, 0x00DD=>0x00FD, 0x0043=>0x0063, 0x021A=>0x021B, 0x00CA=>0x00EA,
314  0x0399=>0x03B9, 0x0179=>0x017A, 0x00CF=>0x00EF, 0x01AF=>0x01B0, 0x0045=>0x0065,
315  0x039B=>0x03BB, 0x0398=>0x03B8, 0x039C=>0x03BC, 0x040C=>0x045C, 0x041F=>0x043F,
316  0x042C=>0x044C, 0x00DE=>0x00FE, 0x00D0=>0x00F0, 0x1EF2=>0x1EF3, 0x0048=>0x0068,
317  0x00CB=>0x00EB, 0x0110=>0x0111, 0x0413=>0x0433, 0x012E=>0x012F, 0x00C6=>0x00E6,
318  0x0058=>0x0078, 0x0160=>0x0161, 0x016E=>0x016F, 0x0391=>0x03B1, 0x0407=>0x0457,
319  0x0172=>0x0173, 0x0178=>0x00FF, 0x004F=>0x006F, 0x041B=>0x043B, 0x0395=>0x03B5,
320  0x0425=>0x0445, 0x0120=>0x0121, 0x017D=>0x017E, 0x017B=>0x017C, 0x0396=>0x03B6,
321  0x0392=>0x03B2, 0x0388=>0x03AD, 0x1E84=>0x1E85, 0x0174=>0x0175, 0x0051=>0x0071,
322  0x0417=>0x0437, 0x1E0A=>0x1E0B, 0x0147=>0x0148, 0x0104=>0x0105, 0x0408=>0x0458,
323  0x014C=>0x014D, 0x00CD=>0x00ED, 0x0059=>0x0079, 0x010A=>0x010B, 0x038F=>0x03CE,
324  0x0052=>0x0072, 0x0410=>0x0430, 0x0405=>0x0455, 0x0402=>0x0452, 0x0126=>0x0127,
325  0x0136=>0x0137, 0x012A=>0x012B, 0x038A=>0x03AF, 0x042B=>0x044B, 0x004C=>0x006C,
326  0x0397=>0x03B7, 0x0124=>0x0125, 0x0218=>0x0219, 0x00DB=>0x00FB, 0x011E=>0x011F,
327  0x041E=>0x043E, 0x1E40=>0x1E41, 0x039D=>0x03BD, 0x0106=>0x0107, 0x03AB=>0x03CB,
328  0x0426=>0x0446, 0x00DE=>0x00FE, 0x00C7=>0x00E7, 0x03AA=>0x03CA, 0x0421=>0x0441,
329  0x0412=>0x0432, 0x010E=>0x010F, 0x00D8=>0x00F8, 0x0057=>0x0077, 0x011A=>0x011B,
330  0x0054=>0x0074, 0x004A=>0x006A, 0x040B=>0x045B, 0x0406=>0x0456, 0x0102=>0x0103,
331  0x039B=>0x03BB, 0x00D1=>0x00F1, 0x041D=>0x043D, 0x038C=>0x03CC, 0x00C9=>0x00E9,
332  0x00D0=>0x00F0, 0x0407=>0x0457, 0x0122=>0x0123,
333  );
334  }
335 
336  $uni = utf8_to_unicode($string);
337 
338  if ( !$uni ) {
339  return FALSE;
340  }
341 
342  $cnt = count($uni);
343  for ($i=0; $i < $cnt; $i++){
344  if ( isset($UTF8_UPPER_TO_LOWER[$uni[$i]]) ) {
345  $uni[$i] = $UTF8_UPPER_TO_LOWER[$uni[$i]];
346  }
347  }
348 
349  return utf8_from_unicode($uni);
350 }
351 
352 //---------------------------------------------------------------
353 /**
354 * UTF-8 aware alternative to strtoupper
355 * Make a string uppercase
356 * Note: The concept of a characters "case" only exists is some alphabets
357 * such as Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Armenian and archaic Georgian - it does
358 * not exist in the Chinese alphabet, for example. See Unicode Standard
359 * Annex #21: Case Mappings
360 * Note: requires utf8_to_unicode and utf8_from_unicode
361 * @author Andreas Gohr <andi@splitbrain.org>
362 * @param string
363 * @return mixed either string in lowercase or FALSE is UTF-8 invalid
364 * @see http://www.php.net/strtoupper
365 * @see utf8_to_unicode
366 * @see utf8_from_unicode
367 * @see http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr21/tr21-5.html
368 * @see http://dev.splitbrain.org/view/darcs/dokuwiki/inc/utf8.php
369 * @package utf8
370 * @subpackage strings
371 */
372 function utf8_strtoupper($string){
373 
374  static $UTF8_LOWER_TO_UPPER = NULL;
375 
376  if ( is_null($UTF8_LOWER_TO_UPPER) ) {
377  $UTF8_LOWER_TO_UPPER = array(
378  0x0061=>0x0041, 0x03C6=>0x03A6, 0x0163=>0x0162, 0x00E5=>0x00C5, 0x0062=>0x0042,
379  0x013A=>0x0139, 0x00E1=>0x00C1, 0x0142=>0x0141, 0x03CD=>0x038E, 0x0101=>0x0100,
380  0x0491=>0x0490, 0x03B4=>0x0394, 0x015B=>0x015A, 0x0064=>0x0044, 0x03B3=>0x0393,
381  0x00F4=>0x00D4, 0x044A=>0x042A, 0x0439=>0x0419, 0x0113=>0x0112, 0x043C=>0x041C,
382  0x015F=>0x015E, 0x0144=>0x0143, 0x00EE=>0x00CE, 0x045E=>0x040E, 0x044F=>0x042F,
383  0x03BA=>0x039A, 0x0155=>0x0154, 0x0069=>0x0049, 0x0073=>0x0053, 0x1E1F=>0x1E1E,
384  0x0135=>0x0134, 0x0447=>0x0427, 0x03C0=>0x03A0, 0x0438=>0x0418, 0x00F3=>0x00D3,
385  0x0440=>0x0420, 0x0454=>0x0404, 0x0435=>0x0415, 0x0449=>0x0429, 0x014B=>0x014A,
386  0x0431=>0x0411, 0x0459=>0x0409, 0x1E03=>0x1E02, 0x00F6=>0x00D6, 0x00F9=>0x00D9,
387  0x006E=>0x004E, 0x0451=>0x0401, 0x03C4=>0x03A4, 0x0443=>0x0423, 0x015D=>0x015C,
388  0x0453=>0x0403, 0x03C8=>0x03A8, 0x0159=>0x0158, 0x0067=>0x0047, 0x00E4=>0x00C4,
389  0x03AC=>0x0386, 0x03AE=>0x0389, 0x0167=>0x0166, 0x03BE=>0x039E, 0x0165=>0x0164,
390  0x0117=>0x0116, 0x0109=>0x0108, 0x0076=>0x0056, 0x00FE=>0x00DE, 0x0157=>0x0156,
391  0x00FA=>0x00DA, 0x1E61=>0x1E60, 0x1E83=>0x1E82, 0x00E2=>0x00C2, 0x0119=>0x0118,
392  0x0146=>0x0145, 0x0070=>0x0050, 0x0151=>0x0150, 0x044E=>0x042E, 0x0129=>0x0128,
393  0x03C7=>0x03A7, 0x013E=>0x013D, 0x0442=>0x0422, 0x007A=>0x005A, 0x0448=>0x0428,
394  0x03C1=>0x03A1, 0x1E81=>0x1E80, 0x016D=>0x016C, 0x00F5=>0x00D5, 0x0075=>0x0055,
395  0x0177=>0x0176, 0x00FC=>0x00DC, 0x1E57=>0x1E56, 0x03C3=>0x03A3, 0x043A=>0x041A,
396  0x006D=>0x004D, 0x016B=>0x016A, 0x0171=>0x0170, 0x0444=>0x0424, 0x00EC=>0x00CC,
397  0x0169=>0x0168, 0x03BF=>0x039F, 0x006B=>0x004B, 0x00F2=>0x00D2, 0x00E0=>0x00C0,
398  0x0434=>0x0414, 0x03C9=>0x03A9, 0x1E6B=>0x1E6A, 0x00E3=>0x00C3, 0x044D=>0x042D,
399  0x0436=>0x0416, 0x01A1=>0x01A0, 0x010D=>0x010C, 0x011D=>0x011C, 0x00F0=>0x00D0,
400  0x013C=>0x013B, 0x045F=>0x040F, 0x045A=>0x040A, 0x00E8=>0x00C8, 0x03C5=>0x03A5,
401  0x0066=>0x0046, 0x00FD=>0x00DD, 0x0063=>0x0043, 0x021B=>0x021A, 0x00EA=>0x00CA,
402  0x03B9=>0x0399, 0x017A=>0x0179, 0x00EF=>0x00CF, 0x01B0=>0x01AF, 0x0065=>0x0045,
403  0x03BB=>0x039B, 0x03B8=>0x0398, 0x03BC=>0x039C, 0x045C=>0x040C, 0x043F=>0x041F,
404  0x044C=>0x042C, 0x00FE=>0x00DE, 0x00F0=>0x00D0, 0x1EF3=>0x1EF2, 0x0068=>0x0048,
405  0x00EB=>0x00CB, 0x0111=>0x0110, 0x0433=>0x0413, 0x012F=>0x012E, 0x00E6=>0x00C6,
406  0x0078=>0x0058, 0x0161=>0x0160, 0x016F=>0x016E, 0x03B1=>0x0391, 0x0457=>0x0407,
407  0x0173=>0x0172, 0x00FF=>0x0178, 0x006F=>0x004F, 0x043B=>0x041B, 0x03B5=>0x0395,
408  0x0445=>0x0425, 0x0121=>0x0120, 0x017E=>0x017D, 0x017C=>0x017B, 0x03B6=>0x0396,
409  0x03B2=>0x0392, 0x03AD=>0x0388, 0x1E85=>0x1E84, 0x0175=>0x0174, 0x0071=>0x0051,
410  0x0437=>0x0417, 0x1E0B=>0x1E0A, 0x0148=>0x0147, 0x0105=>0x0104, 0x0458=>0x0408,
411  0x014D=>0x014C, 0x00ED=>0x00CD, 0x0079=>0x0059, 0x010B=>0x010A, 0x03CE=>0x038F,
412  0x0072=>0x0052, 0x0430=>0x0410, 0x0455=>0x0405, 0x0452=>0x0402, 0x0127=>0x0126,
413  0x0137=>0x0136, 0x012B=>0x012A, 0x03AF=>0x038A, 0x044B=>0x042B, 0x006C=>0x004C,
414  0x03B7=>0x0397, 0x0125=>0x0124, 0x0219=>0x0218, 0x00FB=>0x00DB, 0x011F=>0x011E,
415  0x043E=>0x041E, 0x1E41=>0x1E40, 0x03BD=>0x039D, 0x0107=>0x0106, 0x03CB=>0x03AB,
416  0x0446=>0x0426, 0x00FE=>0x00DE, 0x00E7=>0x00C7, 0x03CA=>0x03AA, 0x0441=>0x0421,
417  0x0432=>0x0412, 0x010F=>0x010E, 0x00F8=>0x00D8, 0x0077=>0x0057, 0x011B=>0x011A,
418  0x0074=>0x0054, 0x006A=>0x004A, 0x045B=>0x040B, 0x0456=>0x0406, 0x0103=>0x0102,
419  0x03BB=>0x039B, 0x00F1=>0x00D1, 0x043D=>0x041D, 0x03CC=>0x038C, 0x00E9=>0x00C9,
420  0x00F0=>0x00D0, 0x0457=>0x0407, 0x0123=>0x0122,
421  );
422  }
423 
424  $uni = utf8_to_unicode($string);
425 
426  if ( !$uni ) {
427  return FALSE;
428  }
429 
430  $cnt = count($uni);
431  for ($i=0; $i < $cnt; $i++){
432  if( isset($UTF8_LOWER_TO_UPPER[$uni[$i]]) ) {
433  $uni[$i] = $UTF8_LOWER_TO_UPPER[$uni[$i]];
434  }
435  }
436 
437  return utf8_from_unicode($uni);
438 }